Mexican-American War (i would prefer either domestic or personal level Essay

Mexican-American War (i would prefer either domestic or in the flesh(predicate) level of analysis ) - Essay ExampleAs such, the move undermined the Mexican population. The master plan cogitate on the region occupied by the freehold and yeoman farmers. The eventual impact ignited a semipolitical hiccup associated to slavery and inhuman practices. Although other levels of analysis can be applied, I believe that the Mexican American war is best explained through a domestic level of analysis.In the year 1898, a conflict between Spain and the United States of America ignited an armed battle between the two countries. Americans managed to throw out access into the Latin America, as well as the Western Pacific, by the end of the war. The events resulted in a great territorial expansion from the American authority. The military involvement in the war signified a historical event. As such, Americas image portrayed a self-centered institution direct on self-interest. Additionally, the eve nts attracted the worlds attention as the media documented the details of the entire war. America locomote about 525,000 square miles into the Mexican territory. The incident led to the signing of a conformity agreement that tag the end of the war. The treaty signing redefined American from a national state to a transcontinental state. As such, both parties engaged in diplomatic settlement scheme to end the war. Other documentation of the treaty revealed the onset of colonialism. The colonialism feature paved way for a commercial assumption and resource expropriation (Lynn, 2013). The impact of colonialism in Mexico resulted in obdurate legal disputes over the vast land. These occasions prompted the advent of different theories to explain the favorable position of the involved states. Significant changes defined other perceptions of the colonialism. The onset of communication advancement, development of the transport industry resulted in national pride. The Mexicans believed that the American move served a divine ordination in the vast Mexico territory. The Mexican-American war served as an indicator

Is Response Intervention effective in Autistic Children Case Study

Is chemical reaction Intervention effective in Autistic Children - Case Study ExampleResponse to Intervention in Autistic Children Response-to-Intervention is a popular object of present day research. Much has been said about the benefits and principles of RTI models for children with superfluous needs. Psychologists welcome the implementation of RTI models and principles for exceptional children, including those with autism. Unfortunately, the effects of RTI on autistic children and their behaviors remain unclear. This paper reports the results of RTI usage in children with autism. A brief review of literature is performed. Methods and results of the intervention are discussed. The goal of the study is to see whether RTI substructure be successfully applied to enhance stirred stability and behaviors in children and adolescents with autism. Literature Review Response-to-Intervention (RTI) is a popular object of present day research. RTI is claimed to be an innovative approach to delivering learning and psychological/ excited services in schools (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). RTI is fairly regarded as a relevant, proactive response to the emotional and behavioral difficulties go about by school children in their striving to meet at least the basic learning objectives (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). ... fit in to Barnes and Harlacher (2008), RTI relies on the five main principles. First, the model is both proactive and preventative (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). Second, RTI ensures a strategic emotional and instructional fit between the student, students needs, and the curriculum and instruction (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). Third, RTI builds on data-based decision-making and is problem-solving-oriented (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). Fourth, RTI relies on the use of effective instructional practices and fifth, it is a systems-level approach (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). To a large extent, the use of RTI does not only if allow identifying students with special learning nee ds but creates the basis for improving their learning outcomes (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). Barnes and Harlacher (2008) specify that the mind features of RTI are (1) multiple tiers (2) a composite plant system of assessment (3) a sophisticated protocol and (4) evidence-based instruction. Here, the complex relationship between features and principles of RTI becomes evident. Multiple tiers reflect and reinforce the proactive nature of the model and create a foundation for achieving the instructional match between the student, students needs, and instruction/ curriculum. The assessment system constitutive(a) in the RTI is integrally linked to the models problem solving orientation. The protocol as the triad most important feature of RTI is inseparable from the principle of effective practices, whereas evidence-based instructions and practices support the systems-level character of RTI (Barnes & Harlacher, 2008). The incumbent state of literature offers arguments to defend and expan d the use of RTI in various instructional situations. Barnett, VanDerHeyden and Witt (2007) list a set of arguments and

Healthcare Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

health care Policy - Assignment ExampleA recent evaluation of the UK healthcare insurance shows that while policies drive contributed to a positive change in society development, in that location is still need to improve these policies. An battleground of keen interest is the increase in life style diseases within the country, which has now elevated an alarm within the public. Despite the efforts of the NHS policy ton use a preventive approach to reduce lifestyle diseases, it is go past that diseases such as Cancer, hypertension and lung diseases are on the rise. This essay seeks to critically appraise the evaluation of the NHS policy to identify various weaknesses and the strengths of this policy.In the recent past, there has been a great rise in lifestyle related diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, gout and heart diseases (Shepard, 2010 Chock lingam and Beleaguer, 1999). These diseases have travel major killers in the world and are very expensive to t reat. The government ever increasing calculate allocation in health has not made any progress in reducing the health problems in most countries. In the United Kingdom there exists free medical care for its citizens as one way of showing its community towards creation of zero-disease environment (Kumar & Kumar, 2003). The NHS Despite use of many resources employ for treatment of patients, it is clear that the health demands are increasing each day as the population grows and there is little chance for the establishment of a healthy society. Statistics show that the government and public spending is expect to spend more on diseases such as cancer and heart diseases in the near future. This has raised question among many scholars who feel that the government should find an alternative strategy towards creation of a health environment.The NHS policy has paid a lot of attention to lifestyle diseases in the past ten years. The NHS policy seeks to the reduce lifestyle diseases by engagin g a preventive approach that seeks to intervene on this

Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of social media Essay

Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of fond media - assay ExampleThis is achieved through the employees themselves when they discuss ideas, post various news and information, ask questions and also share phthisisful links. Technologically savvy organization like Nokia, presently acquired by Microsoft, has successfully implemented social media as their internal communication platform. The motto of the organization was to connect people and explore various possible slipway that can enhance the internal communication. Nokias Social Media Communications team was established in earliest 2008 with the aim of improving inter-company communications and engaging employees (Carr, 2010) .The late organizations use this as an effective and useful recruitment tool. For example, LinkedIn is the number one professional networking website that many organizations use to hunt the best talents for a job portfolio. The modern recruiters look for the profiles of the potential candidates in Lin kedIn. LOreal, one of the largest cosmetic companies in the world, has successfully used social media for their recruitment drive (Connell, 2009). The organization has uniform branding in each country they operate. Interestingly, the job separate of each website lists available positions in the country and a few links to the social networks. For example, The UK LOreal.Jobs website links to the LOreal Talent Recruitment Facebook page, the LOreal LinkedIn page, the LOreal Luxe TalenTube Facebook page and the LOrealCareers Twitter feed. This helps in widening the object glass audience of the company, whether they want to recruit the best talent or increase their business. Because of the reach of social media, the businesses use the technology to improve their business reputation. For example, the more number of Likes and Followers in Facebook and Twitter give an stamp of the popularity of the product, company or the brand.Social media enables enhancing the

MSc International Development Studies Personal Statement

MSc worldwide Development Studies - Personal Statement ExampleEarning a MS stagecoach from one of the top bedded universities of the world would give me a competitive edge in my professional career. I fill stubborn to apply in name of university because this educational institute has an experienced faculty not only in the department of International Development Studies department but similarly in all other field of study. Studying under the guidance of such teachers will allow me to gain invaluable information almost my intended major and grow intellectually in an appropriate manner.I privation to become a in(predicate) economic development manager or a foreign correspondent, which would be possible if I get a higher degree in the field of International Development Studies. I want to be skilled in managing social organizations and people. I possess almost all qualities of a successful social organizations manager, such as, openness, integrity, boldness, honesty, attentivenes s, creativity, intelligence, care for others, visionary outlook, and effective leadership and communication skills. slightly of my core strengths and abilities includeAs far as my short-term and long-run goals are concerned, I have planned them according to my personal and professional interests. For example, my short-term goal is to earn a MS degree in International Development Studies from some reputable institute of the world to expand my knowledge and concepts. My long-term goal is to work for some high profile social or economic organization at an executive position. I have the experience of working as a project leader during my internships at a NGO in Mexico and at Center for Migration and Refugees Studies in Egypt. In addition, I have also participated in Erasmus Mundus Exchange Programme of the Lebanese American University and have done a Diploma in International Cooperation and Development from Italian

A strategy for managing change process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

A strategy for managing reassign member - Essay ExampleThis study looks into cheekal culture as the experience which the hotel is supposed to bring to its customers. However, this is more often than not reflected through the behaviour of the associates of the hotel towards them. Therefore it is important that the present must(prenominal) try to build a voiceless culture along with insuring its core values such that it serves to contribute towards the continuous growth of the organization and accounts for the felicity of employees too. The first step towards a strong culture would be to establish core values of the organization. The hotel must seem to build core values which aims to provide the best go to customers, associates and the community at large. The fundamental culture is to provide the company associates with the maximum opportunities as well as providing superior quality of services towards customers. The next step towards initiating the change would be to attain t he participation and involvement of company executives in the change process. Executives and employees in the organization must show their active participation in the change process and respectable in words. For example, in this case since a continuous change in behaviour towards customers is called for. Thus leadership must actually show their behavioural change in order to act as examples for stay employees on their conduct with customers of the hotel. The management must practice effective communication. It is important that all employees in the organization are informed or so the specific changes in order to make the process successful. This would necessarily check out their commitment and success. Every employee must be told what exactly is expected of them. The organizational structure might to a fault require changes. This would include changing the job description, roles and responsibilities for each employee and redesigning the same in order to bring about changes in th eir performance levels. Performance targets could be reset for each employee to bring about sufficient changes in the overall productivity and performance level of the organization. This must also be coupled with the reviewing and redesigning of approaches towards rewards structures and recognition. It is very polar to change the

Red bull strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

passing tomentum schema - Coursework ExampleOn January 2035 the executive of Red cook is from a seminar and he reflects back 20years back on the pivotal meeting he had with the management ranks in 2014. In that strategic period of succession, Red motherfucker has drastically undergone robust growth strides and is the biggest energy drink producing and selling company. Reed bull is now sell its products in every province, of each nation around the globe. The combining ratio of the corporation has become the resent of each company in the retail sector. Profitability of the organization has been increasing every year in the past 20 years, and the company has as a result attained a war breast that has put it in a position to acquire other small companies. The operational, and distribution models of Red bull regionally and internationally are platforms for the exercise and sharing of best practice worldwide. The models have improved Red bulls efficiency through the implementatio n of automation and centralization and at the same time have devolved decision making to the location level of Red bull internationally. The highly advanced type of production and customer involvement in the product formulation continue offering Red bull distinguished competitive advantage over its rivals. The Chief executive is contented that the actions he took for creation of the approaching in 2014 have bore excellent results.Red bull is a regional company that has its tenseness on retail services. In the year 2014, Redbulls business experienced challenge from retailers that had the capability of merchandising regionally. The competition was experienced on a combined proportion, which do it very difficult for Red bull, a regional merchandiser to withstand. Red bull is capable of offering special products that are custom made for various segments of its market share. However, the cost of providing the special products adversely affects Red bulls combined ratio, causation Red bull to

Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited - Essay faceBorouge currently has headquarters located in both the United Arab Emirates and Singapore. groundwide, Borouge has a workforce of 1,600 people, who represent over 40 nationalities and serve customers in more than 50 countries throughout the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, the Indian sub-continent, and Africa (Company Facts, 2010, p. 5). The companys vision is simply shaping the future with plastics, while its mission statement is value creation through innovation (Company Facts, 2010, p. 2). Borouge has divided business responsibilities into three departments Executive team Borouges Marketing Company, Executive Team Borouges Production Company, and Support Functions. The of import Executive Officer for Borouges Marketing Company is Wim Roels, who is ground in Singapore and was only recently handed the subroutine in July of 2011. On the other hand, the Chief Executive Officer for Borouges Production Company is Abdulaziz Alh ajri, a UAE national who was appointed in the role back in 2007 (Executive Biography, 2008). Borouge has developed four give away strategies to help drive the company forward respect, go through, create, and focus. assess is all about caring for the environment and all the people that live in it. The value of exceed promises to go the extra mile and leading by example. The third value, create, demands continuous improvement through further openness and allowing unexampled ideas to flourish. Lastly, focus helps build partnerships with customers by anticipating their requirements and operating the business with strong ethical principles. kind Responsibility As of today, over a billion people cant drink uninfected water, and more than twice that number do not have suitable sanitation facilities. Because of this fact, the United Nations tempered a Millennium Development Goal to cut in half the number of people who do not have access to clean drinking water before the year 2015 ( Company Facts, 2010, p. 4). The strategy of this throw was to better manage and preserve the water resources that are already available. In response to this, Borouge created the Water for the World initiative in 2007. This global programme aims to use local expertise in conjunction with Borouge professionals to help provide suitable solutions for accessing safe water and sanitation facilities. Borouge plans to make a difference through implementing its new technological skills with the home countrys leadership. Products Borouge has developed a wide variety of distinctive products that admit water, gas, and industrial pipe systems, medical devices, and automotive components (Bourouge, 2011). In order to give itself a competitive return over its rivals, Borouge utilizes Borstar technology to produce high-value plastic products at its red-brick petrochemical complex, which is situated in Ruwais, Abu Dhabi. This Borstar technology is the key to Borouges success because it enables t he construction of high-performance products that are crucial in todays modern living (Borouge, 2011). The four key products that are marketed to consumers are energy and communication cables, pipe systems, automotive components, and modernistic packaging (Company Facts, 2010, p. 3). For the first line of products, Borouge supplies insulation, semi-conductive, and jacketing to the wire and cable industries. In terms of communication cables, Borouge has the solutions for low, medium, and high potential energy transmission and distribution cables, data and communication cables, and building and automotive wires (Borealis AG, 2011). The next set of products that Borouge supplies are pipe systems. These systems are used in water and gas

THE IMPACT OF THE HAJ EVENT ON VISITORS TOWARD THE HOSTING DESTINATION Research Proposal

THE IMPACT OF THE HAJ EVENT ON VISITORS TOWARD THE HOSTING DESTINATION - Research Proposal ExampleThe rating of the event will be an essential attribute that requires a proper analysis and elaboration of the issues that get hold of place within the same platform. This report proposes that the events profits the phalanxing country a lot due to the influx of people while also creating an opportunity for small scale traders to expand their business so as to gain from these events.The proposal will examine the different issues that affect attitudes when dealing with mega events. The proposal will approximate the events and the value dimensions that define attitudes when dealing with such(prenominal) events. It will also look at the impact of having such an event to the droveing country as the costs and benefits will be felt most by the host countries.Most of countries have begun to open up on hosting mega events. The Hajj has always been an awaited session amongst the Muslims due t o their religious connotations. Others have been yearning to host events as big as the fifa earthly concern cup and the Olympics because of the touristry benefits they accrue as a country (Horne and Manzenreiter, 2006 190). The goal is to understand whether the benefits will outweigh the costs and whether the host country will manage the people who come to the country (Jones, 2001 242 Daniels, 2006 335). These have also shaped the world tourism patterns because everyone knows that the Hajj period is direct to Mecca and whatsoever world cup will be directed to the hosting countries. With time, people already shape their tourism patterns. They have also highlighted the new tourism destinations and brought new demands to these countries (Gelan, 2003 410).The primary(prenominal) expectation, however, is that the host country will have heavily invested in infrastructure, sporting facilities and security to avoid any fatalities due to the huge crowd (Szymanski, 2002 170). The improvem ent will benefit the country afterwards, but the

Process Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process Costing - Essay ExampleCompanies need to know the come of money spent on their products before they can set appropriate selling prices. Firms that fail to accurately determine process costs can find themselves setting too low prices that lead to losings or too high prices that scare away customers. Accurate process be helps to set salutary prices or adjust the process if costs cannot allow reasonable pricing. Importance of the Study Although many researchers consume contributed to this topic, little can be seen in terms of standardization of the approaches of determining process costs. This newspaper publisher is a literature review driveed at determining major points of divergence that have prevented standardization of process costing methods. Four scholarly articles are analysed to determine gaps, discrepancies and common grounds in relation to process costing. The paper will make suggestions on the best way forward as well as pose ground for future research. Literat ure Review One of the articles reviewed is a research study done by Cooper and Slagmulder aimed at determining process costing methods habitd by different Japanese firms (2002). ... use failure to give all firms equal chances of being included in the sample introduced some biasness in the study (Dillman, Eltinge, Groves & Little, 2002). The interviewers made notes small-arm taping interviewees responses. The findings indicated that most Japanese firms preferred target costing as opposed to process costing. In this regard, target costing is a projection of costs of future products with the aim of determining whether the assigned expenses can allow reasonable pricing to generate profits or not. The variance between process costing and target costing is that the latter is utilize on future products while the former on complete or semi-complete products (Cooper & Slagmulder, 2002). All interviewed firms indicated that they relied on target costing and only applied process costing wh en they find discrepancies at the end of the production process. In another study, Everaert, Germain and Werner sought to canvass process costing methods used by different companies in Belgium (2002). The researchers based their study on quadruple companies that were selected randomly (2002). After getting approval, they issued questionnaires to process costing officers in the selected firms and collected them after two weeks (Everaert, Germain and Werner, 2002). The results indicated that deuce-ace out of the four sampled companies used weighted average method of process analysis. The remaining firms used the first-in first-out (first in first out) method. The first in first out method treats costs from different periods separately and has four steps comprising of analysis of physical flow of units, count of equivalent units, computation of unit costs and analysis of total costs (Everaert, Germain and Werner, 2002). The company that used FIFO said the method is reliable because separate calculation

The effect of coffee and tea on dental erosion Research Paper

The effect of coffee and tea on dental corrosion - Research Paper ExampleIn order to have a healthy body, one moldiness have clean teeth because they be the most visible internal parcel of the body. Teeth battle array up while an individual talks, eats, smiles and yawns. Clean teeth directly boost the agency of an individual whereas dye teeth are a source of embarrassment for the individual who has them. The individual with clean teeth freighter socialize more confidently in comparison to an individual who has stained teeth, particularly at a very young age in life. In light of the relation of teeth hygiene with the confidence of an individual, it can be said that cleanliness of teeth is essential for good psychological health of an individual. Healthy psychology is essential for good personality, which is in turn essential for healthy society. Tea and coffee are beverages that are consumed by almost every single member of the society on a daily priming irrespective of age. People generally have a taste for both of them and these beverages are an essential part of the daily meal. In light of the immense consumption of both tea and coffee, it cam be said that this question applies to a vast majority of people in the society. This is a very useful research in that it would make them aware of the negative effects of an everyday beverage on their teeth.

Short essay #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

perfectly 1 - Essay ExampleTo this end, it is important to note that plagiarism is classified as an ethical open frame and an academic offense.Moreover, the offense of plagiarism can be addressed as a tort in a court of integrity ( Copyright Website - Info). In this case, it is classified as a procure infringement. Evidently, violation of a copyright by a plagiarist could right result into a law suit being filed against the perpetrator upon production of a leg eithery registered copyright. The repercussions of plagiarism among students in college atomic number 18 in truth dire since it ruins ones academic path as well as destroying the long line career plans. Examples of penalties extended to a plagiarist include suspension, cancelling of academic grades or even expulsion. There are several reasons why students are found guilty of plagiarism. Foremost, some students engage in plagiarism pop of laziness (ASU Sociology Department). In such a scenario, a lazy student sources the internet for assignment answers in websites such as Wikipedia and eventually copies and pastes the information word for word. The student ignores the art of studious explore and opts for short cuts in completing term papers and other assignments. Another cause for plagiarism by students is ignorance. In such a scenario, the student carelessly gathers information from a variety of online and book sources without dully acknowledging the authors (ASU Sociology Department). Moreover, the student assumes that no one will notice the plagiarised work and presents the work without citing all outside sources used. The third cause for plagiarism is arrogance by the students. In this case, the student assumes that he or she can outsmart the professor when doing assignments without citing sources used. On the contrary, the student stands a high chance of getting caught since the

The Five Forces by Michael Porter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Five Forces by Michael Porter - Essay good exampleThis model distinguished the strength of rivalry and hence the revenues and attractiveness of an industry.Five Forces Model can be utilized as an instrument to enhance a strategic edge over the rivalry of companies at bottom an industry in a competitive manner. The Five Forces Model is as follow (Bowers et al, 1990)The characteristics of these forces provide the companies the sequester framework to give them the power to create the necessary strategies in order to be successful in the industry (Thurby, 1998).To provide an in-depth review of the industry where a company dwells, the researcher will drop Porters cardinal forces model (Campbell et al, 2002). The model of pure disputation implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, legion(predicate) economic studies have affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability part of this residual is explained by industry structure. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by quintuple forces (Cemal and Keskin, 2003). The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. The discussion will be initially covered by the description of the buyers military unit over the industry followed by the depiction of the power of suppliers over the companies (David, 1999). Another attribute of the industry that will be taken into account is the intensity of competition among companies as well as the level of potency of new companies who have recently entered the market of retail. And finally, the ability of substitute product to affect the business disposition of a company will also be taken into consideration (David, 2001). Buyers PowerBased on Porters five forces analysis, companies in the industry sell to a few large customers/buyers (Dow nes, 1999). Likewise, the industry also displays an app arnt impracticality for customers/buyers to switch from one source of supply to another. This is reflected by the cost of raw materials as well as the costs of operations. Moreover, the products offered by companies in the industry are essentially interchangeable and indistinguishable (Gratton, 1999). The product

Poetry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Poetry Analysis - Essay practice sessionYour absence distributed itself When I sat down in the armchairThe silent memories of the departed soul have do a strong impression on the poet who was pregnant at that age. She has expertly used the imagery in the text to capture the soul stirring emotional gap that is evident in the place and time that was once inhabited by him. Friends and relatives kept coming, trying to fill up the house the green hanger swang empty-bellied/ and the head of the table/ demanded a plate. People and acquaintances come voluntarily to visit the place and hire homage to a person who is so patently loved and who is present despite his physical absence. The poets use of the figurative speech, has correctly reflected the acute sense of loss one and all.Another very distinguished feature of the poets text is that she has beautifully associated the death with the beginning of life that is growing inside her body. fit to her, the inevitability of the death and inconsolable loss has brought for the ultimate truth of the universe. Death is final and one is alone helpless in front of it. The poet has compared this feeling of helplessness to that of the child who is still growing inside the womb of the mother and is totally dependent on her for his survival. Indeed the allegory of death and life is the philosophical monitor that it is a cycle that must be encountered by all. I lay down in the peaceful waters/ of my own womb/ and became the child/ inside, innocuous/ as a button, helplessly growing. The cutting realities of the life are beyond our control and the poet has succeeded in expressing this ideological philosophy through the simple spoken communication by ending the poem with I slept because it was the only/ thing I could do. I even imagine/ I couldnt stop myself.Those Winter Days by Robert Hayden, is a poem that shows that death has a crazy way of acknowledging love that

Peak moment anaysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peak spot anaysis - Essay ExampleThe core value of the real life is to help the community.According to Loehr, (2015), values are important not only for work but also they reflect on a daily, at work or at home who we are (para 5). This whole approach to values as a person helps us become a better leader in all aspects of life not only in our careers. As a leader values will give you a reason of life and lead a purposeful life. As a person, I eat to make a decision to live a life with purpose. This decision will significantly affect my job and future life. It is easier to find my values when I have stronger root of core values.Values are connected both personal and social. To fulfill one, the other is also fulfilled. The knowledge of values contributes to individual development, a sense of commitment, a better moral character and how to respond to the aspects of life. Personal and social values make one to have self-knowledge and be able to understand the needs, rights, feeling, and experiences of others and relate them to the current environment (Gulla, p.265).My values shall be personal so that I do not replicate them for others. Sometimes people tend to look at others and double what they do because they think the reason they are succeeding is through the values they have (Rnnow-Rasmussen, p.2).Four historic period ago, I left to LA to reflect and find my core values. As an international student who takes ESL, nearly of my time was consumed at the airport because of my improper English. Additionally, I had to waste three more hours to catch a taxi. I admit that it was because of not only poor English but also the fear that I felt when I was trying to speak it. Finally, I found a taxi that would take me to my hotel. It was such(prenominal) an exhausting ride since this taxi had to stop at more than ten hotels to drop other customers. However, when I reached the hotel that I reserved, I saw my future.Although it was around 11 PM at that time, the view

Cultural Determinants of Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Cultural De bourninants of dreadism EssayOrchestrated objectives at heart well- nonionised terrorist groups suggest that principles of organizational psychological science apply to terrorist organizations, under the heathenish influence of each unmatched (Borum, 2004). at that place is much cause for optimism in determineing terrorist organizations, for as Alder and Gunderson (2008) write, Luckily, we form learned that global multiplexity is neither unpredictable nor random (p. v). The c on the whole told for explore has never been more(prenominal) pressing. Introduction Terrorism is an gnarled subject, evading precise semipolitical, jurisprudential, and ethnical commentary (Oliveri, 2008, p. 49). It depends upon the definition of terrorism. With over 100 definitions, this is non an easy working class there is no common understanding of what constitutes terrorism no clear and universally acknowledged definition actually exists (Franks, 2007, p. 2). The definit ion Munger (2006) proposes that is used for this paper is, Culture is defined as the set of inherited beliefs, attitudes, and clean strictures that a people use to distinguish outsiders, to understand themselves and to communicate with each other (p. 131).The distinguishing characteristic of them and us is perhaps the fundamental belief generated within refinings that take aims terrorism towards others possible. Whether viewed in terms of extremist Moslem kitchen-gardening or right-wing American socialisation, ethnic identity checks the conflict of ideologies. struggled (2008) says, Terrorism has taken the donnish valet by storm (p. 248). The Psychology of Terrorism plainly became a legitimate academic breeding in 1982 terrorism is far from a new phenomenon, traceable to the French Revolution and the Nihilists of 19th unmatched C Russia (Franks, 2007, p. ). Undoubtedly, it goes much further into the annals of history than the 19th Century, the c in matchless casept of terrorism had no signifying in history until the modern era (Bratkowski, 2005, p. 764). Prior to modernity, terrorism was so much a part of day-by-day civilization it was normal behavior, without a specific word for it. In fact, for well-nigh of Christendom, humankind has always provided a justification for killing and instilling terror in fellow humans (p. 764). It is only recently that most cultures confine placed a label of immorality on selective murder to achieve political or pagan ends.Our species has a protracted history and prehistory of terrorism. One might wonder why terrorism has taken the academic knowledge domain by storm. Insights from Psychology Terrorist violence most really much is deliberate (not impulsive), strategical, and instrumental it is linked to and justified by ideological (e. g. , political, religious) objectives and usually involves a group or multiple actors/supporters (Borum, 2004, p. 17). Since terrorist objectives originate within multi national organizations, principles of organizational psychology apply to all terrorist organizations, under the pagan milieu of the organization in question.What is now certain is that terrorism is not a psychopathological aberration, as was originally thought in psychoanalytical circles (Crenshaw, 1992). Terrorist organizations argon composed of clear-headed ane-on-ones, often with advanced university degrees. Merari (1991) collected empiric data on suicide bombers, and found that psychopathology is almost never a factor in a terrorists profile. In fact, prevalence of mental illness among samples of incarcerated terrorists is as low as or lower than in the general population (Borum, 2004, p. 34).This is a clear indicator that we be dealing with psychologies of organization, and not groups of crazed sociopaths. Survival of the organization, a tenet of organizational psychology, has clear implications for the terrorist mindset (Post, 1989), even though research on the psychol ogy of terrorism largely lacks substance and rigor. small-arm cultural factors are important, much theatre re of imports. Future research should be operationally-informed master(prenominal)tain a behavior based focus and derive interpretations from analyses of incident-related behaviors (Borum, 2004, p. 3).The main bother with such(prenominal) a venture might be that terrorists are not giving interviews or taking surveys. Borum points out that there is a broad spectrum of terrorist groups and organizations, each of which has a disparate psychology, motivation and last making structure (p. 5). This further underscores the need to be on guard against the stereotypical terrorist organization there is none. In a terrorist organization, devil key narcissistic dynamics are a grandiose perceive of self and idealized kindleal imago. If one cant be perfect, at least one can be in a relationship with several(prenominal)thing perfect (Borum, 2004, p. 9). Association with a world esc ort such as Bin load satisfies this need this can lead us back to US culture promulgation and amplifying worldwide terrorism, via the tidings media. Bin Laden often makes the evening watchword, and every time he does, his world stature is elevated, especially in the minds of his followers. It the name Bin Laden was unkn own, how much slight effective would alkali become? Media has rough degree of culpability, if not complicity in promulgating terrorism worldwide by providing free publicity to organizations and their cause.According to Paul Marsden (CPM, 2001, p. 1), the amount of media coverage devoted to these events, by television networks and newspapers, correlates positively with the rise in subsequent copycat events. This is darkly consistent with the substantial body of evidence for suicide contagion the idea that suicides beget suicide. If distraught teenagers copy Columbine style shootings, how much more are suicide round downs from terrorist cells encouraged by wa tching the evening news?Unintentionally but effectively eulogizing mad teens and terrorists alike hold moral implications for the major news media, which need addressing by society. Organizational Psychology provides some insight if a culture perceives it is losing its ability to contribute its share to the world stage, conflict pull up stakes direct (Rahim, 1986 Katz Kahn, 1978). Considering that entire cultures may feel they are losing their ability to contribute because of intervention of external cultures upon their own culture is likely one requisite to the macrocosm of worldwide terror organization formation.Cultural factors of extremist Muslim society While numerous in the West view extremist Muslim terrorism as irrational behavior by deranged individuals, it is perfectly possible to understand terrorism as a rational decision problem, if we accept the premise that culture results (Munger, 2006, p. 132). Islamic societies, not exclusively, but perhaps to a greater ex tent than most other nations, are dedicateted to an idea of the perfectibility of humans in societies, with moral education and imposition and enforcement of moral law (Sharia) based on the Quran (p. 142).This religious hamper adds a great deal of resistance to compromise from outside cultures, and bolsters the extremist elements within Islamic society. more than of the cultural foundation of extremist Muslim culture is their unique interpretation of the Quran The contemporary terrorist wittiness and culture, which are rooted in absolutist, either-or, good-and- mephistophelean world views, resist social movements to negotiate. Accommodation, bargaining, and mutually acceptable compromise are not envisioned as possibilities within numerous terrorists mental framework (Smelser Mitchell, 2002, p. 1). It appears that once a terrorist organization is established, the only ways to eliminate it is either when they accomplish their objectives, to destroy them, or to take away their r eason to exist, which testament allow Skinnerian extinction to follow over time. The destroy method is problematic and costly how does one destroy an ideology? Islamic terrorists are well-connected using technology their geographic locality is literally everywhere and nowhere. Culturally-attuned uses of information technology are a major source of cross-cultural influences in the creation and sustaining of terrorist organizations (Bailey Grimaila, 2006, p. 534). Terrorist organizations are expert in spreading and sustaining their ideology around the world. Once indoctrinated into a group, people leave behind generally follow orders, no matter how extreme or violent, as recollective as the individual perceives that the order was issued from the appropriate authority (Milgram, 1965).Cultural influences caused normal students at Stanford to transform into merciless prison guards once wedded the role and the authority, al-Qaeda recruits mold substantially to orders from Bin Laden. Not only do they draw a physical authority, which relieves their individual conscience from objecting, but also they further believe that Allah Himself sanctions Bin Laden and themselves in their efforts to establish Sharia law doneout the world (Bailey Grimaila, 2006). There is substantial agreement that the psychology of terrorism cannot be considered apart from political, historical, familial, group dynamic, organic, and even purely accidental, coincidental factors (Borum, 2004, p. 22). Borum also states, Significant differences exist two in, 1) the nature and level of aggression in different cultures, and 2) aggression can be environmentally manipulated some(prenominal) findings that argue against a universal human instinct of violence (p. 12). Diamond (2004) argues that environmental influences are paramount in understanding why cultures are the way they are.The Fertile Crescent, once the cornerstone of agriculture, became radically altered once all the forests were clear -cut, leaving mostly a barren desert environment. It is interesting to note that the foundation cultures which harbored the seeds of al-Qaeda all come from this former environmental paradise. Therefore, while culture probably has the most influence on the creation of terrorist organizations in the short term today, environment certainly has a large degree of jounce over the long term, and might have a large impact in the short term via militaristic or political manipulation. For many critics, global or hyper terrorism has become an crowning(prenominal) rumination of acutely depressed geopolitical chaos (Ward, 2008, p. 252). Geopolitical chaos produces environments ripe with opportunity for recruiters toward the cause of terrorism. Without addressing and rectifying the jumbled areas of the world, it is highly doubtful, that global terrorism go away end. Cultures that feel oppressed or depraved on the world stage may rise in rebel king of beasts against the oppressing culture(s), with or without religious dictate.Muslim culture is producing the lions share of high-visibility terrorists in the world today (Borum, 2004). One way to understand Muslim culture as it relates to the creation of terrorism is to look at Hofstedes dimensions. Generally, Islamic countries have large inequalities of status, forming a small ruling group, and a large ruled group with unsexed power. Hofstede (2001) shows, those Arab cultures have large author Distance (PDI) (80) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (68). When these two Dimensions are combined, it creates a situation where leaders have nigh ultimate power and authority. It is not unusual for new leadership to arise from armed insurrection the ultimate power, alternatively than from diplomatic or democratic change (Borum, 2004, p. 44). Virtually the only method available for the downtrodden in Arab society to express their need for change is by armed insurrection. This is a valuable insight into the cultural creation of Ara b-based terrorism, possibly the most important one.Naturally, from the terrorists point of view they are not terrorists at all but freedom fighters, fighting with their only available means to enact positive change. Does this mean efforts at establishing democracy in Muslim states are likely to fail? Cultural roots run deep, and are resistant to change by outside cultures (Weiten, 2004), so the question of democracy introduced and established by Westerners is a highly speculative venture. Finally, take the case of a female suicide bomber.It was originally assumed that the untested woman who committed this act was innocent, ignorant, and of questionable morality (Brunner, 2007, p. 961). It is difficult for Westerners to imagine otherwise. Subsequent interviews revealed that she was educated, showed no signs of activated disturbance, and was as highly intelligent and more independent than other girls in her society, but still richly within the range of normal (p. 961). The key poin t is that she was fully within the range of normal, accord to the culture that she grew up within.By not understanding her culture, Western culture had labeled her innocent, ignorant, and immoral, ascendent key factors with which to fully understand why a mentally stable young woman would commit such an act, and more importantly, to be able to deal realistically with the rise of extremist terrorism through with(predicate) a lack of cultural understanding. Cultural factors of the United States There is a cultural precedence of knock-down(a) nations to label other nations as evil a threat to acculturation (Ivie, 2005).In the U. S. , this is a very old cultural theme, deeply ingrained into the political psyche (p. 56). This cross-cultural mindset of sinewy nations is one part in the creation of terrorists in weaker cultures, a type of self-fulfilling prophecy the call to destroy the barbarians that hazard democracy is an ancient one Greece and Rome had equal ongoing open-ended campaigns against terrorists, as does the U. S. today (p. 55).The main trouble with an open-ended campaign is that it never ends another cultural perception that needs adjustment on the world stage in order to arrive at peace in the world. Looking at the cultural history of the US, the savage has always been the object of distain and genocide, in order to make way for civilization (Ivie, 2005). The genocide of indigenous peoples of the North American continent is well documented, even using biological terrorist tactical manoeuvre of germ warfare giving gifts of small-pox laden blankets to Indians without acquired immunity against devastating disease (Diamond, 1997).Oliverio (2008) writes, It was also a matter of common sense that the Aryan race was superior. This taken-for-granted reality of Aryan superiority led to the extermination of millions of American Indians, millions of African slaves bound for America, and countless indigenous cultures throughout the world (p. 21). Powerfu l cultures that label weaker cultures as savages are a powerful impetus to the creation of terrorism. It is a recent habit of the American Right to prosecute war against abstractions (Comaroff, 2007, p. 381).The line among metaphorical and real war, blurred beyond recognition, gives rise to such cultural terms as the war against drugs, the war against poverty, the war against illegal immigration (Sherry, 1995), and has become the streamer of cultural mind-set in America today. Again, the US has a militarized world-view extended to declaring metaphorical wars on disease, crime, engaging in trade wars with foreign competitors, and fighting culture wars with one another (p. 58). Culture wars is the main point in question how can peace ever hold if acts of war against culture prevail?Even the Olympic Games that followed 9/11 became a forum for the core Bush Doctrine (Falcous Silk, 2005). How does the reducing of civil liberties fare with the response to terrorism? Not allowing coll ege professors to speak out against governmental policies associated with the war on terror (Crowson DeBacker, 2008, p. 296) is one form of right-wing authoritarianism that many Americans think needs implementation. A worrisome trend of loss of personal freedoms that some associate with fascism. Taken as a whole, US home(prenominal) and foreign policy regarding oil consumption, and support for oppressive regimes, is set aside in deference to diminutive scrutiny of individual behavior and the forms of moral lassitude associated with a culture of dependency (Hay Andrejevic, 2006, p. 344). So at least part of the U. S. cultural mindset is about securing its own economic interests at the expense of decency and law on the world stage. Many people think that the U. S. would never have bothered with Iraq if they had no strategic oil supplies, especially in the Middle East and Europe. This belief can only inflame world tensions further.Understanding cross-cultural inter-dependencies A surprising interdependency, regards the Bush Administration itself. According to Kellner (2004), not only Jihadists are liable for spectacular acts of terror, but also both Bush tribunals. They deployed Manichean discourses of good and evil which themselves fit into dominant media codes of popular culture that both deploy fundamentalist and absolutist discourses (p. 41). This is highly similar to the contemporary terrorist mentality and culture, which are rooted in absolutist, either-or, good-and-evil world views, resist efforts to negotiate (Smelser Mitchell, 2002, p. 1). The Bush administration openly declares its refusal to communicate with terrorist organizations or states, which is absolutist. We know that incentives flourish within such organizations (Munger, 2006). Incentives usually take two forms 1) recruit members that are prone to obey and please within a cultural setting (e. g. collectivist rather than individualist cultures), and 2) Create a set of incentives that reward loyalty, by giving access to excludable near-public ( lodge) goods (p. 131).Mohammed Atta reportedly was at a strip club spending a lot of money, shouting anti-American slogans, and left a copy of the Quran before he left (USA TODAY, 2001, p. 1). This incident seems to have go under club goods instead of operational funds, because it was the night before the hijackings, and such excessive cash was no longer needed. This says cypher of the influence U. S. culture had on Atta, a devout Muslim going to a strip club, one day before he meets Allah. There is no such thing as a terrorist state, in the absolute sense. Triandis,Bontempo, Villareal, Asai, and Lucca (1988) have shown that national cultures never equate to individual or subgroup cultures, so while a totalitarian governing body may indeed be a terrorist organization, the general populace can in no way be held accountable for the actions of a few. It is a stereotypical mistake to label an entire country as terrorist. It is important to realize that both differences and similarities in behavior occur across and within cultures psychological processes are characterized by both cultural divergence and invariance (Weiten, 2006, p24).Regrettably, quite a few nations are culturally reasonably homogeneous (Hofstede, 1998, p180), and this may mean that a few nations may be mostly extremist in their outlook. Discourses from the Bush administrations paralleled closely to speeches given by Hitler, Pope Urban II, and others an pull to a legitimate power source external to the speaker system an appeal to the importance of the national culture under attack the construction of an evil enemy and an appeal for unification (Graham, Keenan, Dowd, 2004, p. 213).Kellner (2004) feels that the disparity between the vast amount of information freely available to all through multimedia sources, and the narrow vision presented on the major news media via television is a travesty, and a major cultural factor responsible for the deployments of the Bush administrations controlled mass media (p. 61). While arguments that freely available news sources from uncontrolled sources might suggest this no longer to be a cultural factor, culture by nature takes time to change, and most Americans probably place more credence in the evening news than the newer Internet sources (Kellner, 2003).Another example of how cross-cultural misunderstandings regularly occur between nations when one cultural gist organizeer transmits information to another culture, chances of accurate transmission are reduced (Alder Gunderson, 2008, p. 72), and when nations or organizations refuse to send information between cultures as both the Bush administration and the al-Qaeda organization currently do, well-nigh no chance of accurate transmission occurs. Stalemate results and wars go on, indefinitely clear contributors to terrorism.Perhaps nowhere is the question of terrorism more complex than in the European Union European counte rterrorism culture is a difficult concept due to the fact that the regional level of analysis encapsulates a range of different national cultures. Europe has always been a rich mixture of various cultures, and terrorism is a culturally charged term (Rees, 2007, p. 220), hence the difficulty in consensus. Conversely, in China, we could expect to find a integrated definition of terrorism under the centralized government (Diamond, 1997).While China is suspect of using the post-9/11 discourse of counterterrorism to cloak their own domestic priorities (Rees, 2007, p. 224), most of their counterterrorism efforts are likely to gain support with the Chinese public as existence in the accord of the countries best interest China being a collectivistic nation. Terrorists focus their recruitment where sentiments about perceived deprivation are deepest and most pervasive (Borum, 2004). This fosters us to understand why American involvement in Iraq actually attend tos create recruitment oppor tunities for al-Qaeda.Destroyed economies, infrastructure, and family support (via killed family members), create extreme deprivation, desperation to right cultural wrongs, and enrage cultural dictates for retribution (Borum, 2004). It even gives insight into where al-Qaeda might be concentrating recruitment efforts in America. For youth torn between two cultures in a foreign land, identity crisis may result from exposure to the foreign culture, and the chiasm between their parents cultures radicalism offers simple answers to the big questions they are grappling with (Ongering, 2007, p. ). The human tendency to stereotype will easily adapt to simple answers rather than grapple with difficult questions (Weiten, 2004). Extrapolated, it may be easier to recruit a terrorist, than to encumber a person from taking up the cause in the first place. Does cultural pressure on a subgroup help to create violent extremists? Muslim communities in America, Not only had their religion being presen ted incorrectly, but its adherents were being equated with terrorists (Baker, 2006, p. 302).Considering the degree that Muslim communities in the Western world are subject to intensify scrutiny, and even unwarranted acts of violence against them by US citizenry (Ward, 2008), a good assumption is that many young Muslims will adapt an extremist ideology in response to cultural threat (Sirin Fine, 2007), and some of those extremists will turn terrorist. It seems to be a never-ending spiral escalation of one cultural assault upon the other the Crusades continue It is a real Which came first, the chicken or the egg? question. Which side began this milieu of cultural attack and counterattack?Perceptions run the gamut The terrorist presents a story of heroism and necessary generate. The counter-terrorist presents a counter-narrative of defiance and vengeance, replacing the movie of the martyr with that of inhumanity, even bestiality (Ward, 2008, p. 254). We reminded again of weaker cu ltures as savage, and as we have come to see, cross-culturally, nothing could be further from the truth from both extreme perspectives. Another cultural misunderstanding that may have helped to escalate tensions is the perception that the Muslim community in America did not stand up in unison and denounce the acts of 9/11 as atrocious.This initial silent response interpreted by many Americans as tantamount to condoning such acts of terrorism (Munro, 2006). Paradoxically, this lack of public outcry may have been the result of Muslim culture itself, with the majority of Muslims feeling that it was obvious that they had nothing to do with the attacks, and therefore no reason to take a public stand (Munro, 2006). A form of vigilante counter-terrorism develops in American culture, which gives rise to anti-Muslim sentiment and acts of violence (Johnson, 2003).One probable contributing factor is termed Sudden Jihad Syndrome (Pipes, 2006). The perpetrator, for all outward appearances, a you ng Muslim man, well adjusted to Western society, considered friendly one day, without warning, he acted out an independent Jihad, which injured nine students (Pipes, 2006). Such unforeseeable and unpredictable behavior influences non-Muslims to stereotype many Muslims as having the same potential toward Sudden Jihad Syndrome. This of course creates an atmosphere of suspicion and mistrust between cultures how can you tell who the enemy is just by looking at them?Discussion There is no cultural quick fix to this pervasive problem confronting the modern world. The general policy approach has to be adaptive, opportunistic, and multisided. The conventional problem-solving logic so attractive in American culturefind a problem and then fix itis of limited utility, and a longer term, more contextualized approach is necessary (Smelser et al. , 2002, p. 4). For instance, the Global War on Terror (GWOT) as espoused by the Bush Doctrine includes toppling rogue nations as part of the effort to t hwart terrorism (Borum, 2004).Focusing on nation rebuilding of states, that are otherwise subject to deterrent, rather than on organizations that transcend geographic localities and are not subject to deterrent, is a lack of proper cultural understanding of the issues, and will lead to further cultural misunderstandings. It makes sense that if powerful cultures do not make accusations against weaker cultures not understood, or interfere in the sovereign rights of weaker nations, that a large amount of terrorism will fail to manifest by lack of unwanted cultural impetus from foreign powers.One of the biggest troubles seems to be, that powerful countries can arouse their masses which are easily pressed into service to rally the nation, quell fend and effectively inoculate the public against any alternative perspective (Ivie, 2005, p. 56), the main point being to limit any alternative cultural perspectives as being legitimate relative to ones own superior cultural perspective. This is error. An increasingly militarized culture of fear (p. 9), such as is dominant in the US today, and which has been developing over many decades, cannot reduce the threat of terrorism in the world. Indeed, Muslim culture dictates that retribution be demanded when a family member is taken. Each errant US bomb inevitably creates more terrorists (Borum, 2004), cultural deviants are created that never would have existed otherwise. Rumors and hundreds of websites have sprung up claiming that FEMA has erected hundreds of internment camps on American priming coat is a disturbing part of the changing culture in America today.A Google search of American internment camps will pull up hundreds of unsubstantiated claims of such camps, including specific locations further highlighting the cultural atmosphere of increasing paranoia. Finally, what can help encumber Muslim youth in the U. S. from taking a violent path? According to Sirin and Fine (2007)Research that the successful integration of both ones own culture and the dominant culture, leads to more positive developmental outcomeswhereas marginalization, that is disengagement from both cultures, is associated with mental health problems for immigrant youth (p. 52). Society certainly would do well to address issues of marginalization, in order to help prevent future Sudden Jihad Syndrome (Pipes, 2006). Conclusion While this paper has focused mainly on US and Muslim extremist involvement, state and non-state respectively, it is important to remember that many other states and organizations exist which perpetrate terror. Terror is a two way street, with few exceptions. Perhaps the ultimate defense against terrorism is to understand the cultural and cross-cultural causes of it, and with proper knowledge, address the issues at hand.We must avoid stereotypes at all costs, because Nearly all terrorists are extremists, but most extremists are not terrorists (Borum, 2004). Long-term orientation versus short-term orientation (Franke, Hofstede, Bond, 1991) may provide insights into which culture holds greater strength in the GWOT. U. S. culture demands immediate results, and has little tolerance for long term strategies, while extremist Islamic culture is bond by the vision of Mohammed, and is prepared to sacrifice for centuries if need be (Borum, 2004).Fortunately, unnecessary warring between cultures may diminish substantially as one of the biggest single benefits of cross-cultural understanding and application of organizational psychological research (Brislan, 1983). It is argued that we now live in an age of hyperterrorism, where the nature and scale of terrorism has reached a new level, and that the question of How to deal with international terrorism is quickly becoming the defining issue of our age (Ward, 2008, p. 248). It is imperative that we make every effort to understand the cross-cultural determinants of terrorism, regardless of cost.Additionally, terrorism is a discourse that affects all o ur lives, and the collateral argument that terrorism someways validates the occasional abrogation of so many of our most cherished legal principles, is something that should concern all of us (p. 249). Hogan (2006) offers Due to the logistical and analytical challenges of cross-national comparisons, studies to date have concentrated largely on single nations (p. 64). While much work remains, understanding the vast scope of cultural interdependencies that help create terrorism is an extremely complex task yet must be undertaken if we are to come to terms with global terrorism.As Hostede (1998) states, constructs are products of the mind with which we attempt to understand and predict human behavior in an infinitely complex world, and all constructs are flawed to some degree. In an infinitely complex world, we will never alone eradicate terrorism in its many manifestations. Our best hope to eradicate the bulk of organized terrorism is through scientific understanding and conscientiou s application of rational solutions, freed from cultural bias. Culture lies entirely on the nurture side of the ledger, as against nature, or truly nherited traits (Munger, 2006, p. 134). Solutions to the specter of terrorism will manifest through understanding and responding to such cultural nurture. This paper has posited that understanding other cultures can help to reduce tensions between cultures, which give rise to terrorism and counterterrorism conflicts. As Munger (2006) points out, a shared understanding of something that identifies insiders, and excludes outsiders because they do not share this understanding (p. 133), is perhaps the fundamental commonality between conflicting sides.If we can frustrate this exclusionary identity concept, by education and promulgate understanding by either, or both sides, and act upon it with responsible communication between parties, then perhaps modern terrorism as we know it will last end. It may take many years, because established ter rorist organizations are not open to compromise (Smelser Mitchell, 2002), but such efforts may play a large part in helping to prevent future recruitment, and help eliminate the need for terrorist organizations within the cultures that originally spawned them losing their luster they slowly fade from existence.

Qantas Case Study Essay Example for Free

Qantas expression Study EssayIt is the worlds second oldest airline, and has a successful history to uphold. Over the adjacent 5 years Qantas aims to hedge raise prices and use more efficient aircraft to limit further fuel costs improve employee/employer relationships by reducing the number of employment relations disputes and retain corporate grocery store share by enhancing facilities and lounges to appeal to corporate travellers. Change management is viewed by Alan Joyce as a minute componentReasons for current business planning What were the critical factors that led to Qantas decision to move some of their trading operations off shore? 3 2. What then happened once the decision was made4 What change management processes needed to pass taken place? 4 Were the change management processes well managed? 4 What could they have done break off to counteract the disgruntled union and workers? 4 3. Where is Qantas now in its competitive positioning both topically and inte rnationally?

Dells Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

dells depict Chain Management EssayThe term depict concatenation management (SCM) was initially practice sessiond in wholesaling and deal out to de none the integration of logistics and physical distribution functions with the destruction of reducing delivery lead times. Manufacturers and expediency providers have used the same term to describe integration and partnership lawsuits with first- and second- tier suppliers to lessen be and improve quality and delivery timing. Terms such as integrated purchasing dodge, integrated logistics, supplier integration, value chain management, bring base management, strategic supplier alliances, lean production, Just-In-Time (JIT) logistics, and yield chain synchronisation have been used in the literature to address certain elements or stages of this bare-ass management philosophical system (1998 1994). Conceptually, SCM take ons all value-adding activities from the extraction of raw materials through the transformation act iones and through delivery to the end user. SCM spans organizational boundaries and treats the organizations deep down the value chain as a unified virtual profession line entity (1991 1995). (1995) further expanded SCM to include recycling or reuse activities. In general, SCM seeks improved performance through elimination of waste and break down use of inseparable and external supplier capabilities and technologies (1996).The retailing industry has focused on different aspects of SCM, namely, location, transportation, and logistics issues. Indeed, the caudex of supply chain management potty be traced back to efforts to give way manage the transportation and logistics functions (1997 1995 1994 1993 1991 1987). The wholesaling and retailing industries incorporate a logistics focus within their strategic decisions. In this respect, SCM is synonymous with integrated logistics systems that control the forepart of goods from the suppliers to end ruleers without waste (1991).Mo reover, integrated logistics systems seek to manage inventories through close relationships with suppliers and transportation, distribution, and delivery services. A goal is to replace stock-taking with frequent communication and sophisticated information systems to provide visibility and coordination. In this way, product can be replenished quickly in small lot size and arrive where and when it is needed (1994 1993). Firms that use advanced process technology to increase flexibility and involve manufacturing managers in strategic decision reservation alter the role of logistics in firm success (1998). A supply chain can reduce overall inventory while maximizing customer service by efficiently redistributing stock within the supply chain using effective postponement and speculation strategies (1998 1993 1991).New logistics technology gives businesses a involved way to make things easier for their customers and suppliers. Within logistics industry, dells system is recognized as o ne that takes reinforcement of technology to decrease storage and increase efficiency. The calculating machine companys supply and shipping net subject areas exemplify the latest slue in logistics, that is, visibility. Companies with the money and foresight are making sure their inventories can be traced and tracked passim their entire logistical operations, even if their systems are entirely outsourced. Executing a supply chain with affluent visibility gives companies better information to work with and a more agile system.Dell has a better control of their operation which has reduced safety stocks and has operate faster to get cash-to-cash conversion cycles. By producing custom products at a rapid pace, the computer manufacturer receives payments from customer before it pays suppliers. Companies can do this exactly if theres a short window mingled with receiving an order and shipping it.In addition, Dells customers can also keep track of their order status. They can trace t heir computer as is moves through aggregation and testing, and can track its shipment due to the technology of major shipping companies.The pulse of Dells execution effort centers on increasing business velocity and eliminating waste. Dell employees are constantly focused on impulsive down backlogs, promoting best practices, and creating synergies among adjacent processes as seen in cross-functional enterprises such as the design-for-manufacturability effort amidst manufacturing and RD. This initiative successfully promoted product designs that are easier to assemble.In 1994, Dell was a struggling second-tier PC maker. Like some some others, the company ordered its instalments in advance and manufactured to inventory. Then Dell began to implement a new business model. It converted its operations to a build-to-order process, eliminated its inventories through a just-in-time system, and sold its products instanter to consumers.Dell carefully targeted corporate relationship cu stomers that had predictable, budgeted needs and that wanted a pre-determined pock of product models. The company also selected someone customers who were high-end, repeat purchasers with a preference for early technology adoption. Both account segments had the stable, predictable purchase patterns that Dell needed to make its joint build-product-to-order/buy-component-to-plan system work.In connection with this, Dell create a set of new operations capabilities in five crucial areas (2005). First, it created the flawless make-to-order system that has been widely noted. Secondly, Dell worked at length to build an effective supplier management function in order to shorten component lead times and fend for the absolute quality standards required by the just-in-time operation. Third, Dell authentic the sell what you have system that was essential to matching supply and demand. Fourth, it instituted an extraordinarily crisp set of product manners cycle management capabilities that yielded great cost reductions and strategic advantage. Fifth, the company worked with its suppliers to shorten their product life cycles, extending the Dell business model to the whole channel. Together these operating capabilities formed a cornerstone for Dells business model.Moreover, to maintain its rapid growth, Dell needs to hone its just-in-time process. Dell believes that the central to JIT is integrating with the suppliers into its operation. It is important for the company to work with the suppliers to figure out how to minimize the supply chain and hold the least amount of inventory in it. Inventory can add costs, damage quality, slow production, and wreak havoc with Dells rapid response reputation. To follow against this, Dell has optimized its supply base and developed a tightly run system in which it pulls separate from suppliers just as they are needed for production.Dell has manufacturing facilities in Austin Limerick, Ireland and Penang, Malaysia, from each one of which produces PCs on a JIT basis. In order to ensure the smooth flow of production supplies into these plants, Dell has developed a two-tiered strategy that employs different sourcing arrangements and delivery schedules for custom and commodity parts.When Dell receives an order for a PC, it faxes or phones its requirements to suppliers who pick the strait-laced parts and pack them in reusable bins with kanban cards attached. Trucks on a continuous loop between suppliers and Dell, known as a milk run, deliver the sorted parts to the computer makers plant for closing assembly. This process frees Dell from having to manage inventories and the costs associated with them. However, Dell has made efforts to ensure that suppliers dont get stuck with much inventory. The computer maker allows suppliers to participate in a revolver program, where they can sell parts stored at the storage warehouse to other customers.In comparison with Dells supply chain management, Baxter, a hospital supp ly company, developed a powerful new type of partnership with its hospital customers. Baxter develops a strategy which is the vendor-managed inventory system, then called the Stockless System in managing its customers inventories within their hospital facilities (2001). The hospital specifies its stock requirements for each ward an on-site Baxter employee counts the stock in each ward each day or all few days the employee enters this information into a hand-held device and transmits it to Baxters warehouse, where a replacement order is derived at the warehouse, the order is picked into ward-specific containers that order is delivered the next day or in a few days behavely to the ward, and the Baxter employee puts the stock away finally, Baxter invoices the hospital. Baxters Stockless System created a powerful new channel that changed the ground rules for all other hospital supply companies. However, in the long run, the shift to service competition led to significant gross revenu e increases as conversions to Baxter products naturally occurred. The company also gained significant first-mover advantage as it tied up key accounts with this new channel.In the case of Procter and Gamble (PG), the company first partnered with Wal-Mart to develop a pioneering continuous replenishment system. Through this system, PG replenishes Wal-Marts facilities without purchase orders based on the retailers product movement data. Based on this experience, PG systematically shifted its strategic focus toward supply chain-based service innovationand in the process transformed both the consumer products and retail industries. PG also developed a careful account selection plan as part of an innovative product supply model. The company developed operating partnerships with major customers capable of linking electronically, taking full-truckload deliveries, and engaging in joint business process reorganization programs. Smaller accounts were shifted to master distributors, which in t urn were selected for their ability to partner effectively with PG.PG, for its part, developed operations capabilities in two key areas ( 2001). First, it created a sweeping new set of industry-change programs such as ECR (efficient consumer response), CRP (customer requirements planning), and streamlined logistics. These programs required a solid new understanding of channel economics and the impact of supply chain innovation. Second, the company developed sophisticated IT ties to coordinate its product flow, enabling it to raise service levels to look the needs of the new system.With regards with Dells, supply chain strength of the company comprises of four qualities which includes demand management, national collaboration, leveraging partners, and financial fundamentals (2004).Dells direct model enables the company to excel at demand management. The process of selling directly to customers and building product to order creates opportunities for true real-time collaboration an d synchronization between manufacturing and sales. By being in direct contact with the market, Dell can quickly see changes in customer demand. Synchronization allows Dell to respond more quickly to customer demand than its competitors can. Additionally, this true internal collaboration allows for highly accurate forecasts.Another key aspect of Dells success is its ability to collaborate internally. This competency is driven by a culture that values information sharing and empowers all employees. At Dell, direct refers not only to how the company sells but also to how team members communicate and attack issues (2004).Moreover, Dells culture and processes not only help the company collaborate internally but also help it leverage its business partners. Dell leverages its partners by linking suppliers planning and execution activities with Dells systems. The company uses information technology to gather and share a constant stream of data on supply and demand trends. On the supply side , Dell gathers real-time information about the inventory levels of its suppliers at various positions in the supply chain.Finally, Dells entire supply chain is focused on fundamental business performance. Operating margin and not just profits or growth rate is the number that Dell cares about most to ensure long-term profitability.Dell Inc.s celebrated direct sales model is regularly cited as the key reason for its overall competitive prowess. At Dell, supply chain management is truly viewed as a strategic capability it drives coordination with, and in many another(prenominal) instances it includes, activities such as marketing, sales, finance, and information technology.

MBA Essay Writing for B-Schools Essay Example for Free

MBA prove Writing for B-Schools EssayI come from a land of unparalleled physical beauty and the theme of my heart- India. Today, I consider myself extremely fortunate to be here in United States which is also cognise for its best Academic Curriculums. For past two years, ever since I moved to States, I had been hoping and planning to establish an MBA degree and am excited to now be on the cusp of making that dream a reality. Ive come a long way from the shy college freshman who initially could hardly flat thought of being a Class Representative because it would involve so much interaction with the swain students and faculty, whom I hardly knew. But I conquered those offset challenges and went on to become the facultys pet. My form hasnt always been easy, but through the challenges and ends Ive set for myself, Ive grown into a Confident, careful and Respected leader at my work place and personal life. And I know that these new skills volition serve me well as I embark on this next scholastic challenge and the race I empathize earlier me post MBA. Ive chosen this specific MBA program because it provides strong conceptual oversight into the modern practice of management and good understanding of how to apply the theory we read in the course room to practice in the business environment.I analyse this as perfectly in-step with my goal of pursuing a career as a leading Marketing professional. I am true the continued group work with my fellow students from various back grounds will serve to cement my new found confidence in my own abilities and ideas. My interest in Marketing first sparked during my first year of Bachelors in Advertising, Sales Promotion and Sales Management when I conducted a workshop on Personal Selling skills, in the college campus and was awarded with the Creative Ability certificate.I was also selected to work for the State aim Exhibitions Fair for which I was awarded with the certificate of honor in making the event success ful. Later, after a gallus of On the job training during my semesters, I completed my undergraduate with distinction and all geared up for the Big change hence forth.. In this ever broad global market place, I am aware of what an asset being a Multi-educated is, and to that end I plan to pursue my studies further before I hit the market. There how I pursued a one year International brand Graduate Diploma in Risk Management to improve my marketability.Soon later, I was offered to work with a Portal Company where I gained practical experience for about an year designated as Communication analyst. Currently, if I am admitted to your program, I will bring with me Enthusiasm, Dedication and a Stalwart work ethic. I am proud of what I have accomplished thus far in my life and see much of it as a stepping stone towards a successful future in the business world. I now need to expand my skill set beyond its current level and I see the curriculum offered at Adelphi University as a perfect way to do so.

His fiend-Like Queen is Malcolms View of Lady Macbeth at the End of the Play Essay Example for Free

His fi fire-Like Queen is Malcolms View of noblewoman Macbeth at the End of the Play Es speculate ferment 1 Scene 5 is the send-off scene where you regard chick Macbeth. In this scene we are told a lot just nigh(predi throw awaye) chick Macbeths character and her relationship with husband, Macbeth. The scene move overs with doll Macbeth reading a letter from Macbeth, which brings our attention to two main indorse breakers. Firstly, maam Macbeth is literate, which was very unusual at the time and tells us that she may be a nearly-educated character. Secondly, it shows us that she is very close to her husband it wasnt a green thing to write to your married woman from the battlefield because many an(prenominal) generals didnt fool the time, but Macbeth has do the time to do this. The content of the letter to a fault shows us a lot Macbeth tells his wife everything that happened to him in his encounter of the witches, which shows us that he is able to trust his wif e.In the letter Macbeth tells his wife that the witches said, Hail King that shalt be When chick Macbeth reads this her paceghts, just like Macbeths, jump straight to send off that which rather thou dost fear to do/Than wishest should be done. noblewoman Macbeth is determined that Macbeth sh all in all be king and never actually mentions what she pull up stakes gain from this, Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/What thou art promised. dame Macbeth appears to k today her husband well, yet do I fear thy nature, /It is in addition full o th milk of human kindness. This too tells us a lot around noblewoman Macbeth herself even aft(prenominal) Macbeth has been on the battlefield violent deathing hundreds, most people would take in the incident that he could come home and be kind as a great thing, but Lady Macbeth sees this as his weakness. This is remembering very some(prenominal) like the witches foul is fair, and fair is foul.Lady Macbeths character has many attri butes, which may be associated with slimy and which is, in turn, part of the witches characters. The first of these is the fact that Lady Macbeth is very manipulative That I may pour my spirits in thine ear. She speaks of the Raven which is a bird associated with death. When she hears that Dun washbowl will be coming to the castle she immediately thinks that this is the perfect opportunity to kill him, she refers to the fatal entrance of Dun screwing. She calls to the spirits for aid Come you spirits / That tend on individual thoughts, unsex me here. make thick my blood, / Stop up th access and passage to remorse. Come to my womans breast/And take my milk for gall, In this saving she is intercommunicate the spirits to take her womanly tendencies a carriage from her so that she is able to kill Duncan without touch perception remorse and without those female feelings or attributes that may weaken her.In Shakespeares time witches were relate with the devil and gave away their f emininity when they linked themselves to him, therefore when Lady Macbeth willingly asks for her feminine peculiar(prenominal)s to be taken from her own body, she links herself to the charming, and therefore the witches. The speech as well as tells us that Lady Macbeth doesnt believe that she is normally able to kill someone she thinks that this is the only way she will be able to do it and is trying to convince herself that she is evil throughout the scene.What is said in this speech is very similar to the one Macbeth makes, when he asks himself to not think about the treason and come to he is committing. This makes another link between Macbeth and his wife when Lady Macbeth says Come thick night/And tack thee in the dunnest crazy weed of hell. This line shows us a lot, first that it reflects Macbeths, Let not light see my black and deep desires. The fact that she speaks of night links her to the witches, since night is the witches element. This line also links her subtly to the main dark themes of the frolic.Lady Macbeth has a very strong character and is very delayling, which was a characteristic uncommon at the time and you shall put/This nights great business into my dispatch. She is taking everything into her own hands and comprehend all the opportunities she has at that moment, but is failing to see further than that, to the consequences that may come about from her actions.In this scene Lady Macbeth does come crosswise as having an evil nature. She is manipulative and is able to think about killing someone without much second thought, as well as able to link herself to the supernatural and destroy her feminine body in search of a greater power.In scene 6 Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle in Inverness. In this scene the first thing the reader realises once you have read it is the dramatic irony in it Duncan says The air / Nimbly and Sweetly recommends itself/Unto our gentle senses and is talking about how nice the castle is when he is in fact very unsafe at Macbeths castle.This scene is also a very good theoretical account of Lady Macbeths deceiving abilities she is sweet-talking Duncan and macrocosm kind, All our service, /In every point twice done consequently doubled and To make their audit at your Highness pleasure she is being the perfect hostess. She is almost everyplace doing the acting in the way she is flattering him so much, Still to revert your own. Lady Macbeth is very two faced and hypocritical in this scene We rest your Hermits. She is taking up Duncans reference to prayer, How you shall bid God ild us for your pains, and this is hypocritical because of the prayers that she made to the spirits/That tend on mortal thoughts about taking away her womanly aspects.Scene 7 opens with Macbeth contemplating the visualize to shoot Duncan. He comes up with three strong reasons why he shouldnt kill him First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, /Strong twain over against the deed indeed, as his host, but there is still a present desire to be King. Lady Macbeth accordingly comes into the scene and does not like what Macbeth is verbal expression.She starts by putting him on the clog foot by answering his questions with much questionsMacbeth How now? What news?Lady Macbeth He has almost supped. why have you leftover the chamber?Macbeth Hath he asked for me?Lady Macbeth Know you not he has?This is where Macbeth tries to take charge and tells lady Macbeth They will proceed no further in this business and he tells her that he is happy, I have bought/ friendly opinions from all sorts of people. She doesnt take this into account and starts attacking. She starts by emotionally black mailing him, questioning his love for her, such I account thy love, asking that, if he says that he wishes to be King and then take it back, how can she trust that he really does love her when he says it. She then attacks his ego, suggesting he is a coward even after he has come back from killing thousands of people on the battlefield Wouldst thou have that/Which thou esteemst the ornament of life, /And live a coward in thine own esteem.She compares him to the cat, which would never go for the fish, Like the poor cat Ithage? She is asking him a rhetorical question, putting the thought into his psyche that he has the desire but not the guts to seize his dreams. She then attacks his manhood What beast wast then? That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man / And to be more then what you were, you would be so much more the man. Then to prove her point further, and show us the length she is forcing herself cordially to convince herself she is truly evil, she presents this unspeakable image How tendertis to love the babe that milks me-I would while it was smiling in my face Have plucked my teat from its boneless gums, and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done. subsequently this Lady Macbeth manages to rock candy Macbeth back to the murder with her certaintyMacbeth If we should fail?Lady Macbeth We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail.She is almost mocking him with the we fail? making him feel small with the suggestion of it. Then she asserts her control over him again with And well not fail.She then shows us how she is a practical by explaining her plan to Macbeth His spongy officers, who shall bar the guilt / Of our great quell? This speech really convinces Macbeth to go through with the murder and proves once again that, at this point, Lady Macbeth really does have control over Macbeth.This scene shows that Lady Macbeth has many evil traits she is manipulative and controlling. She is also a very practical woman with her plan.Act 2 Scene 2 opens up with a short soliloquy from Lady Macbeth and the content of this soliloquy is kinda contradictory whereas in Act 1 where Lady Macbeth comes crosswise as very confident, here she says What hath fill them hath give me fire sug gesting that maybe she isnt a naturally confident person and is trying to be. She comes across as being nervous and jumpy, Hark Peace It was the owl that shrieked. She lacks confidence in her husband Th campaign and not the deed Confounds us. Just from hearing Macbeth say, Whos there? What ho she jumps to the conclusion they have failed in plan. following(a) we see a whole new side to Lady Macbeth Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. This is proof that maybe Lady Macbeth has a heart and is not the cold stony person she tries to make herself out to be. This is also an example of her stupidity she doesnt make the connection between what she says and what she does.Lady Macbeth isnt a very checking woman, another sign that she isnt very clever when Macbeth comes in he is traumatized by what he has just done, instead of Lady Macbeth being caring and understanding she gets angry at him, Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there. Go carry t hem, and smear / The sleepy grooms with blood. When Macbeth looks at his fucking(a) hands and says, This is a sorry sight. Lady Macbeth replies with A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight. That is also a sign of her practicality she is trying to get Macbeth to not dwell on his thoughts. Then there is also another sign of nervousness between them both with the short ex wobbles when they first meetMacbeth When?Lady Macbeth Now.Macbeth As I descended?Lady Macbeth Ay.Lady Macbeth isnt very understanding at all of what her husband is way out through and tells him, Consider it not so deeply.In act 2 scene 3 we see examples of Lady Macbeths practicality and ability to act. The scene opens with Macduff and Lennox entering, wishing to see the King and then finding him dead. Lady Macbeth enters and we see how her acting abilities are still strong, with her pretending she has no predilection what has happened Whats the business, and it comes across that she genuinely doesnt seem to have an idea about what is going on. there is the irony of Macduff calling her, O gentle lady, when earlier we are given these horrible images by her, And dashed the brains out. She then manages to keep up the charade by coming across as horrified by the death of the King, Woe, alas / What, in our house? Macbeth then enters and starts to give these ornate speeches The wine of life is drawn, and his gashed stabs looked like a breach in nature when these are compared to the initial chemical reaction of Macduff, O horror, horror, horror they appear to be prepared.Lady Macbeth can see this and sees how this is getting her husband into deeper dogfight and she faints, drawing the attention away from her husband, another example of Lady Macbeths practicality and affection for her husband, she wishes to protect him. It is also thinkable that the vivid descriptions her husband has given, His silver skin laced with his golden blood, has really shown to her what they have done and the dishonor of this may have caused her to faint. It may have also been due to shock in the change of her husband, to begin with this he was a wreck at the thought of what he had done I am cowardly to think what I have done. now he is able to lie with apparent ease, talking about the man he murdered so highly, and the guards he murdered while they were still sleeping. She scared at what her husband has become.By the end of act 2 we have seen cracks in Lady Macbeths visage, she is not as strong as she believes she is and she lacks the imagination to see this.In Act 3 Macbeth is now King and Lady Macbeth is the queen. The scene opens with Banquos soliloquy, then the full royal appeal entering and Lady Macbeth greets Banquo with great gusto, If he had been forgotten, / It had been as a gap in our great feast. After there has been much chatter between Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo leaves and Macbeth dismisses everyone including his making love love before he was always with her and needed her opini on on decision and she was very much in control. Is this a suggestion that Macbeth doesnt feel he needs her guidance now or is he trying to be the man Lady Macbeth tried to suggest he wasnt? She must being feeling rather insignificant now and most probably hurt that after what they had just done that he could dismiss her like that.Act 3 scene 2 opens with Lady Macbeth asking permission to see her husband, Say to the King, I would attend his leisure / For a few words. This is very strange because before Lady Macbeth would never have had to ask to see her husband. Does this mean she has lost the power she had over her husband and isnt in control like she use to be? We then see that Lady Macbeth isnt the evil person she made herself out to be we see she is hurting from what has happened Tis safer to be that which we destroy, / Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. Macbeth then enters and Lady Macbeth forgets about her worries and starts trying to comfort Macbeth, whats done is do ne.But she isnt taking her own advice, she is, without content. Macbeth then talks about his torment and uses this vivid imagery, O full of scorpions is my mind, Macbeth then drops hints that something is going to happen, there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note. In this same speech Macbeths also uses the imagery of creatures associated with evil and death The shard-borne beetle so we can assume he is talking about the plan to kill Banquo. Lady Macbeth is properly feeling very confused at this point, before Macbeth included her in all the discussions and now she has no idea what he is talking about, Whats to be done?So by the end of this scene we have truly seen the soft and feminine side to Lady Macbeth we have also seen the first signs of her coming collapse. We have seen examples of her love for Macbeth by casting aside her own worries to try to look after him.The first key point about Act 3 scene 4 is the notable change in Lady Macbeths behaviour. In Act 1 she was very wel coming and talkative with her guests coming across as being a strong character but is this scene she has lost this strong visage, she has to be prompted to welcome her guests, Our hostess keeps her state, but in best time / We will require her welcome.After this though we are able to see some of Lady Macbeths old characteristics, when Macbeth is distracted with talking to the Murderers, Lady Macbeth notes that he is away too long and reminds him he is holding a dinner, You do not give the cheer, an example of her practicality.Soon after Macbeth he rejoins the dinner he mental state deteriorates, when he sees Banquos ghost. Lady Macbeth steps in here with her practicality and tries to bring her husband back while passing off his madness as having some sort of fit My lord is often thus, / And hath been from his youth She is finally able to bring him back by attacking his ego again by repeating the line, Are you a man? She is then fairly harsh to Macbeth mocking what he said earlier i n the play, This is the air-drawn dagger which you said / take you to Duncan. We see her lack of imagination, You look but on a stool. She is still futile to understand why Macbeth is suffering.Lady Macbeth is then able to bring Macbeth back to reality, where he starts acting normal but then mentions Banquo again, this sets Macbeth off again as the ghost reappears and he goes mad. Lady Macbeth steps in once again with her practicality and gets rid of the court so she can attend to her husband and before he is able to say to much about the murders, Stand not upon the order of your going. / But go at once.When the rest of the court has left, Lady Macbeth changes her answers become short. At some point she must have realised what Macbeth had been seeing, changing how she was. Is her quietness a response to what Macbeth has become? She believed that this would only take one murder, and now Macbeth has murdered four times. She must be feeling scared, before she was very much in charge and now Macbeth is fully in control and not asking her opinions. There is already the idea of another murder in his head Strange things I have in head, That will to hand / Which must be acted ere they may be scanned.By the end of this act you can see Lady Macbeth is scared and she has lost the control she had over her husband. She isnt the strong character she was in Acts 1 and 2 only her practicality is left.Act 5 scene 1 is when Lady Macbeth has finally gone mad. Shakespeare gives little indication of time in the play, but from what we can forgather a fair amount of time has passed, and over this time we can tell that he mental state has deteriorated.The scene starts off by telling us that Lady Macbeth has been sleeping walking and going through the routine of writing a letter, then reading it. I believe this refers to the letter she authoritative from Macbeth about the witches the letter which started the whole affair off. I think that subconsciously she is wishing for everyth ing to go back to that moment so none of this ever happened.She enters sleep walking carrying a candle and the gentlewoman says that Lady Macbeth has, light by her / continually, tis her command. This is ironic because earlier in the play Lady Macbeth says, pall thee in thy dunnest smoke of hell. So after wishing not to see the light she cant bare to be without it.There is then more irony in this scene, Out damned spot, out I say she is unable to wash the blood from her hands and to Macbeth earlier she says A little water will clear us of this deed. She almost repeats Macbeths, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hands? with the quality of the blood still all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. We can see now that she always did understand what her husband was saying, but on a subconscious level she lacked the imagination to understand when conscious.Earlier in Macbeth Lady Macbeth asked Come thick night / and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, and now she says, Hell is Murky. It appears that she is now in her own hell and it is terrifying.Throughout the scene there is more imagery of blood, we have Lady Macbeth mocking Macbeth about being upset about killing Duncan, now she is saying Who would have thought the man has so much blood in him.At first she acted as if she was fine and didnt have a conscience, we now see that everything had built up and has been affecting her The Thane of Fife had a wife where is she now? What, will these hands neer be clean? She is even suffering for the murders she had nothing to do with.After reading Macbeth and carefully analysing Lady Macbeths actions throughout I think we are able to feel some pity for Lady Macbeth. I think she can be blamed partly for the Tragedy of Macbeth because she did disturb her husband to commit the murder, but we do not fully see what her motivation for this was. My view is that she was principally doing what she thought her husband deserved bec ause it is obvious through the play that she is deeply in love with Macbeth. overly taking into consideration the time the play is set was it not Macbeths place to stick with what he originally felt and tell her that they would not murder the King?I think pity grows towards her as the play goes on as the reader you can see a change in her character, which quite intelligibly shows us that she never intended for Macbeth to become theevil tyrant he did become.Another reason for her to be pitied is that you can see she is in pain and suffering but she ignores this to try and comfort her husband who is more open about his suffering. This drives Lady Macbeth crazy in the end, and the idea that she died because of her love for her husband is tragic.This is why I think Malcolms view of lady Macbeth, His fiend-Like Queen is unfair towards her and that it was Macbeths place to have put a stop to the murder which eventually led to both of their deaths.